Page 325 - Learning to Learn

LEARNING TO LEARN: BECOMING A SELF -GROWER 325
EXPERIENCE 11: METACOGNITION : THINKING ABOUT MY THINKING READING
Step 6 Transfer and apply the knowledge to
another context that is similar.
Demonstrate or explain in detail how to
change the oil in a pickup truck.
Step7 Makea transfer, andapply theknowledge
to a context that is some distance from
the original context.
Demonstrate or explain in detail how to
change the oil in a riding lawn mower.
Step 8 Pick a totally unfamiliar context, and transfer and apply the knowledge with teacher as
consultant.
Explain why there is no need to change the oil in a chain saw engine.
Step 9 Generalize the new knowledge.
Discuss possible means to provide lubrication in a wide range of machines from air-conditioner
units to turbo-jet engines.
Knowledge Forms
Knowledge forms include the following:
Concept—an idea that represents a set of relationships.
Process—a sequence of activities.
Tool—an instrument to accomplish a task.
Context—conditions relevant to performance.
Way of Being—a set of attitudes, actions, or values.
Table 1 illustrates levels of knowledge from Level 0.5 to Level 4 based upon each of the knowledge forms.
The Most Difficult Steps in the Method
1. The Pre-learning phase (Steps 1-5 in the LPM)
The learner and the teacher must agree why the learning objective is important, gain mutual orientation
to the learning issues and context, and activate relevant prerequisite knowledge.
2. Achievement of Level 2
Comprehension of the principles, theories, and models that have developed in an area of knowledge
facilitates and enhances successful application. However, learners vary in their need for exposure
to simple application opportunities as a way to clarify their Level 2 understanding and to motivate
deepening of their understanding.
3. Generalization of the knowledge to higher Level 3
Extensive experience with using knowledge in varied contexts is the basis for increasingly sophisti-
cated internalization of both theoretical knowledge and problem-solving expertise.