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LEARNING TO LEARN: BECOMING A SELF -GROWER 157
EXPERIENCE 6: M ETHODOLOGIES: UNLOCKING PROCESS KNOWLEDGE READING
Discussion of the Problem Solving Methodology
Step 1—Define the Problem
The first step in the problem solving process is to correctly identify and clearly define the problem. The
ability to assess situations and interpret information properly contributes to correct problem definitions.
It is important to define the problem clearly and correctly so that time and effort are not expended in an
activity that leads to a solution of the wrong problem. Sometimes it is helpful to get the opinion of others
who may perceive and see problem situations differently than you do. Their input may improve your
original problem statement.
Evelyn realized that without income, her family would be in real financial trouble, and she might
not be able to return to college for the spring semester. She also knew paying for childcare for her
to work would be impossible. She knew that if she could get her husband to look after the children
while he job hunts, she could find a short-term holiday job that would help them stay afloat during
this difficult time.
Step 2—Identify Key Issues
By asking critical questions, you can identify and clarify important issues surrounding the problem which
should be considered as you work through the problem solving process. Diagrams associated with the
problem situation can also help to identify key issues. When key issues are identified, it often leads to
stronger and more comprehensive solutions. Sometimes, the key issues may cause you to reformulate the
problem definition.
Evelyn realized that paying for gas and the loss of time commuting would render any income she
made worthless. She remembered working at the mall over the holidays when she was younger
and thought a similar job now would be a perfect solution for her and her family.
Step 3—Collect and Assess Information
Once you have defined the problem and understand what the key issues are, you have a better idea of what
information is most relevant to solve the problem. Assess the quality of the information you collect based
on criteria such as accuracy, reliability, appropriateness, and accessibility. Strong information processing
and assessment skills produce better quality information resources that contribute to clearer insights and
more creative solutions.
Evelyn was able to find a list of local temporary agencies online plus reader reviews for each of the
agencies. She had so much luck online that she didn’t need to use the phone book or the classified
ads.
Step 4—Identify Assumptions
Before proceeding any further in the methodology, you should identify and write down the assumptions
you are making concerning the problem situation. Be sure to test the validity of the assumptions you make.
The problem definition, the scope of the issues raised, and the quantity and quality of the information
you collect all influence the assumptions you make. For example, if you have less available information,
you may have to make more assumptions. In some cases, you want to make valid assumptions to help
simplify the process of solving the problem. Finally, realize that when you change, alter, or make additional