Page 136 - Foundations of Learning, 4th Edition (Revised)

Discussion of the Problem Solving Methodology

Step 1—Define the Problem

The first step in the problem solving process is to correctly identify and clearly define the problem. The
ability to assess situations and interpret information properly contributes to correct problem definitions.
It is important to define the problem clearly and correctly so that time and effort are not expended in
an activity that leads to a solution of the wrong problem. Sometimes it is helpful to get the opinion of
others who may perceive and see problem situations differently than you do. Their input may improve
your original problem statement.

Evelyn realized that without income, her family would be in real financial trouble and she might
not be able to return to college for the spring semester. She also knew paying for childcare for
her to work would be impossible. She knew that, if she could get her husband to look after the
children while he job hunts, she could find a short-term holiday job that would help them stay
afloat during this difficult time.

Step 2—Identify Key Issues

By asking critical questions, you can identify and clarify important issues surrounding the problem
which should be considered as you work through the problem solving process. Diagrams associated
with the problem situation can also help to identify key issues. When key issues are identified, it often
leads to stronger and more comprehensive solutions. Sometimes, the key issues may cause you to
reformulate the problem definition.

Evelyn realized that paying for gas and the loss of time commuting would render any income she
made worthless. She remembered working at the mall over the holidays when she was younger,
and thought a similar job now would be a perfect solution for her and her family.

Step 3—Collect and Assess Information

Once you have defined the problem and understand what the key issues are, you have a better idea
as to what information is most relevant and necessary to solve the problem. Assess the quality of the
information you collect based on criteria such as accuracy, reliability, appropriateness, and accessibility.
Strong information processing and assessment skills produce better quality information resources that
contribute to clearer insights and more creative solutions.

Evelyn was able to find a list of local temporary agencies online, plus reader reviews for each of
the agencies. She had so much luck online that she didn’t need to use the phone book or the
classified ads.

Step 4—Identify Assumptions

Before proceeding any further in the methodology, you should identify and write down the assumptions
you are making concerning the problem situation. Be sure to test the validity of the assumptions you make.
The problem definition, the scope of the issues raised, and the quantity and quality of the information
you collect all influence the assumptions you make. For example, if you have less available information,
you may have to make more assumptions. In some cases, you want to make valid assumptions to help
simplify the process of solving the problem. Finally, realize that when you change, alter, or make
additional assumptions, it can lead to completely new and different solutions. If the assumption is false,
it can lead to wrong or poor quality solutions.

130 Foundations of Learning