Page 137 - Foundations of Learning, 4th Edition (Revised)

Evelyn realized that her unique situation as a job seeker desiring only short-term work might
operate in her benefit; in other words, if she could demonstrate to possible employers that she
only needs to work for five to six weeks, she would be more desirable in their eyes than someone
they would regretfully “have to let go” at the end of the holiday season.

Step 5—Break Problem Apart

In general, the problem solving process is made more effective and efficient by dividing the problem
into manageable, logical pieces, or sub-problems, dealt with one at a time. Subdividing or breaking
apart the problem makes it easier to begin developing and formulating possible solutions. With complex
problems, breaking apart the problem is a necessity.

Evelyn’s husband, a freelance software engineer, designed a computer program to help her do
the math. If only she could apply the Problem Solving Methodology to her daughter’s teething,
she thought! (And she just might.)

Step 6—Model Sub-problems

Once the problem has been broken apart, you must generate possible solutions to the sub-problems.
Building models that replicate the principles and relationships at work in a given problem can be a
great help with the sub-problems. Examples of models include diagrams, equations, graphs, tables,
and computer programs. Models should make use of available and appropriate resources, including the
information and assumptions from Steps 3 and 4, and your own knowledge, experiences, and creativity.
Realize that many times, there is not just one right answer. Therefore, you should generate several
possible solutions that you can later evaluate.

Step 7—Integrate Solutions

The solutions to the sub-problems generated in the previous step must be put together, in many cases,
with modifications. This involves evaluating possible solutions and determining how the parts will best
work as a whole. The result is often a set of larger models which serve as possible solutions or means
to a solution for the defined problem. The next step of the methodology requires you to examine and
assess these solutions.

Evelyn didn’t want to take the chance that she might not pass any screening tests, since she
wasn’t up to date with all the latest office software. So, she also located a couple of non-agency
jobs on her own. That way, if the temporary agency route fell through, she would have a backup.

Step 8—Test and Validate

Since the outcome of the previous step in the methodology typically results in more than one solution,
criteria need to be established to assess these solutions. Testing and validating involves using these
criteria to determine how well each solution measures up. The strength of the assumptions should also
be tested because the choice and ranking of solutions may vary based on the assumptions made.

Evelyn sends her husband to the park with the children while she spends an afternoon calling
potential employers. She is very careful to verify the hiring information, including the rates of
pay, they advertised. In turn, they are impressed by her professionalism.

Chapter 5 — Problem Solving Skills 131