Page 408 - Foundations of Learning, 4th Edition (Revised)

COGNITIVE DOMAIN

Processing Information

Collecting Data (from a disorganized source)
Observing, Listening, Skimming, Memorizing, Recording Measuring

Generating Data (to fill a void)
Predicting, Estimating, Experimenting, Brainstorming

Organizing Data (for future use)
Filtering, Outlining, Categorizing, Systematizing

Retrieving Data (from an organized source)
Recognizing patterns, Searching, Recalling, Inventorying

Validating Information (for value)
Testing perceptions, Validating sources, Controlling errors,
Identifying inconsistency, Ensuring sufficiency

Constructing Understanding

Analyzing (characterizing individual parts)
Identifying similarities, Identifying differences, Identifying assumptions, Inquiring, Exploring context

Synthesizing (creating from parts)
Joining, Integrating, Summarizing, Contextualizing

Reasoning (revealing meaning)
Interpreting, Inferring, Deducing, Inducing, Abstracting

Validating Understanding (for reliability)
Ensuring compatibility, Thinking skeptically, Validating completeness, Bounding

Applying Knowledge

Performing with Knowledge (in real context)
Clarifying expectations, Strategizing, Using prior knowledge, Transferring

Modeling (in abstract context)
Analogizing, Exemplifying, Simplifying, Generalizing, Quantifying, Diagramming

Being Creative (in new contexts)
Challenging assumptions, Envisioning, Linear thinking, Divergent thinking, Transforming images, Lateral thinking

Validating Results (for appropriateness)
Complying, Benchmarking, Validating

Solving Problems

Identifying the Problem (to establish focus)
Recognizing the problem, Defining the problem, Identifying stakeholders, Identifying issues, Identifying constraints

Structuring the Problem (to direct action)
Categorizing issues, Establishing requirements, Subdividing, Selecting tools

Creating Solutions (for quality results)
Reusing solutions, Implementing, Choosing alternatives, Harmonizing solutions

Improving Solutions (for greater impact)
Generalizing solutions, Ensuring robustness, Analyzing risks, Ensuring value

Conducting Research

Formulating Research Questions (to guide inquiry)
Locating relevant literature, Identifying missing knowledge, Stating research questions, Estimating research significance, Writing measurable outcomes

Obtaining Evidence (to support research)
Designing experiments, Selecting methods, Extracting results, Replicating results

Discovering (to expand knowledge)
Testing hypotheses, Reasoning with theory, Constructing theory, Creating tools

Validating Scholarship (for meaningful contribution)
Defending scholarship, Responding to review, Confirming prior work, Judging scholarship

402 Foundations of Learning